{"id":355,"date":"2024-06-05T17:12:36","date_gmt":"2024-06-05T15:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coolbluefuture.org\/?page_id=355"},"modified":"2025-11-13T11:13:31","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T10:13:31","slug":"lesson-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/coolbluefuture.org\/et\/guide-to-regenerative-ocean-farming\/lesson-3\/","title":{"rendered":"3. tund"},"content":{"rendered":"3. tund\n\t\t\t\t\t\n

\n\t\t\t3. TUND. Merekasvanduse rajamine\t<\/h1>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe lesson is currently available in English, Danish & Lithuanian\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n

\n\t\t\tSissejuhatus\t<\/h3>\n\t

Merekasvanduse hea k\u00fclg on selle modulaarsus, mis t\u00e4hendab, et seda saab olenevalt asukohast laiendada ja h\u00f5lpsasti kohandada. Kuigi enamikul kasvandustel on samad p\u00f5hiosad, n\u00e4eb iga\u00fcks neist veidi erinev v\u00e4lja, sest iga asukoht on ainulaadne ja igal kasvatajal on omad eelistused.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"cool-blue-future-ocean-underwater-01\"\n\t

Kasvanduse kavandamist m\u00f5jutab hulk tegureid.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tAsukoha piirangud\t<\/h4>\n\t

Tuletage meelde kiirkursuse teises tunnis k\u00e4sitletud keskkonnategureid, mida \u00f5ige koha leidmisel arvesse v\u00f5tta: hoovuste kiirust, tuuli ja lainetust, p\u00f5hja t\u00fc\u00fcpi, s\u00fcgavust jne. Need m\u00f5jutavad kasvanduses vajalike vahendite t\u00fc\u00fcpi ja l\u00f5plikku ehitust.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\u00c4ristrateegia\t<\/h4>\n\t

Mida kavatsete saagiga ette v\u00f5tta? Kui palju on teil vaja toota, et saavutada oma \u00e4rieesm\u00e4rgid?<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tTegevusega alustamise eelarve\t<\/h4>\n\t

M\u00f5elge ausalt l\u00e4bi, millised on teie eelarvepiirangud ja mis t\u00fc\u00fcpi kasvandust saate endale lubada.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tSotsiaalne kontekst\t<\/h4>\n\t

Do you need to make compromises to accommodate members of your community, such as limiting surface buoys to minimize visual disruption or choosing gear that’s easy to remove in the summer months when recreational boating is high?<\/p>\n\t

Arvestage, et teil v\u00f5ib olla vaja tehnilist lahendust ettevalmistust\u00f6\u00f6 k\u00e4igus kohandada ja muuta olenevalt sellest, milline on lubasid v\u00e4ljastava asutuse tagasiside, kasvanduseks vajalike vahendite k\u00e4ttesaadavus, kohalike vesiviljelejate info jne.<\/p>\n

The farm design process is likely to be iterative. You might need to adjust your design throughout the start-up process based on feedback from your national permitting agency, availability of gear in your area, input from farmers in your area, etc. But in general, to start a farm, you’ll need to:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. otsustage, millist t\u00fc\u00fcpi kasvandust te soovite;<\/li>\n
  2. Determine how many arrays you’ll need to meet your production goals.<\/li>\n
  3. Determine how large a site you’ll need to house your farm.<\/li>\n
  4. valige tehnilised vahendid, mis sobivad teie asukohta;<\/li>\n
  5. esitage kasvatuskava koha rentimiseks ja taotlege vajalikud load.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    When you’re first getting into ocean farming, there is a lot to figure out. Beyond the journey of finding and permitting your site, designing a farm, organizing seed, and identifying a market for your crop, there are two key questions to consider:<\/p>\n

    \n\t\t\tKas teile meeldib see t\u00f6\u00f6?\t<\/h4>\n

    \n\t\t\tKas teie valitud kohas kasvavad teie soovitud liigid h\u00e4sti?\t<\/h4>\n\t

    Nagu paljude asjadega elus, v\u00f5ivad teil olla k\u00fcll v\u00e4ga head plaanid ja prognoosid, kuid parim viis nendele k\u00fcsimustele t\u00f5eliselt vastata on ikkagi kogemuste kaudu.<\/p>\n

    We recommend that you approach your first year of farming as a trial period. Think about your first season as a test run where you go through all the stages, steps, and processes of outplanting, growing, and harvesting on your chosen site, but you minimize your up-front capital expenditure to the best of your ability. You’ll learn as much your first year farming from growing two lines as you will twenty. And by minimizing your overhead, you’ll reduce the risk of losing a lot of money. In essence, you want to design and permit a farm, but plant a garden.<\/p>\n

    In an ideal world, every country would have a permitting process in place to allow farmers to easily lease and permit a test site to conduct these tests. In some countries, you can receive an experimental permit; a small inexpensive lease, which allow farmers to try out the industry. But unfortunately, many other countries don’t have this option, and the permitting process can be long and drawn out. In short, you don’t want to do it twice in two years. So, although you may not be growing at a full commercial scale until year two or even year three, it’s in your best interest to permit your farm for the full acreage required to operate your farm at scale, based on your calculations. Reach out to your Cool Blue Future\u2019i Eesti esindaja<\/a> poole.<\/p>\n

    As you go through the rest of this course, design and plan a farm that will help you meet your business goals, but keep in mind that you don’t need to install all the gear immediately. You could permit a 3-hectare site but only install two arrays your first year. Even though you don’t plan on running your full farm in year one, you should be roughly aware of how your farm will look and how much money you stand to earn when your farm is running at scale. So, it’s a good exercise to design your fully operational farm to the best of your ability.<\/p>\n

    Pruunvetikad ja karbid vajavad kasvamiseks sarnast taristut. Karpide ja austrite kasvatamiseks sobib pigem \u00fche kasvuliiniga kasvandus. Allpool kirjeldatud rakisega kasvandus nende jaoks ei sobi, sest viljeldavate kultuuride kaalu survel tekkiv vertikaalne j\u00f5ud \u00fcletab konstruktsiooni vastupidavuse.<\/p>\n

    \n\t\t\t\u00dche kasvuliiniga kasvandus\t<\/h3>\n\t

    The simplest, most straightforward way to grow kelp or mussels is with a single-line array. It’s the classic, original design that farmers have been using for decades. A single, horizontal growline is submerged about one meter below the surface and attached to anchors on either end. The single-line array is the design we recommend for all first-year farmers.<\/p>\n

    Allolevatel joonistel on kujutatud \u00fche kasvuliiniga kasvandust pealt- ja k\u00fclgvaates. S\u00fcsteemil on kolm p\u00f5hiosa: kasvuliin, poid ja ankrud.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"Growline\n\t\tJoonis 1. \u00dche kasvuliiniga kasvanduse k\u00fclgvaade. Joonisel on t\u00e4histatud ankrupoi (kollase v\u00e4rvusega, ingl Retrieval Buoy), kasvuliini poi (punase v\u00e4rvusega, Growline Buoy), ankruliini poi (punase v\u00e4rvusega, Anchor Line Buoy), ankur (musta v\u00e4rvusega, Anchor), pingutuspoi (rohelise v\u00e4rvusega, Tension Buoy) ja kasvuliin (Growline). Allikas: GreenWave.\n\t\t\t\t\"Growline\n\t\tJoonis 2. \u00dche kasvuliiniga kasvanduse pealtvaade. Allikas: GreenWave.\n

    \n\t\t\tKasvuliin\t<\/h4>\n\t

    Kasvuliin on horisontaalselt vees rippuv k\u00f6is, mille k\u00fclge vetikas kasvades kinnitub (joonis 3). Merre paigaldamisel m\u00e4hitakse kasvuliini \u00fcmber n\u00f6\u00f6r, millele on kinnitunud tuhanded sporofaasis vetikad. Kui nad kasvavad, kinnituvad nad kasvuliini k\u00fclge.<\/p>\n

    Noored rannakarbid riputatakse sukalaadsetel substraatidel v\u00f5i katkematutest ribadest koosnevate vanikutena kindla vahemaa tagant kasvuliinile. M\u00f5nes piirkonnas v\u00f5ib merevette paigaldada puhtad kasvuliinid, mille k\u00fclge kinnituvad veesambast aja jooksul noored karbid. Austripuurid v\u00f5i -v\u00f5rgud riputatakse samuti otse kasvuliini k\u00fclge veesambasse.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"Growline,\n\t\tJoonis 3. Kasvuliin (ingl Growline). Allikas: GreenWave.\n

    \n\t\t\tPoid\t<\/h4>\n\t

    Poid hoiavad kasvandust kindlal k\u00f5rgusel ja on veealuse osa \u00fcks stabiliseerivaid elemente. \u00dche kasvuliiniga kasvanduses on kasutusel poid kasvuliini ja ankruliinide jaoks.<\/p>\n

    Kasvuliini poi \u00fclesanne on hoida viljeldav kultuur ujuvas asendis. Kui saak hakkab kasvama, muutub see \u00fcha raskemaks, koormates l\u00f5puks kasvuliini nii palju, et ilma ujuvust suurendavate poideta v\u00f5ib see p\u00f5hja vajuda. Kasvuliini poid tasakaalustavad raskust, hoides kultuure \u00f5iges s\u00fcgavuses \u2013 tavaliselt umbes 1\u20132 meetrit veepinna all \u2013 ja tagades sel viisil ideaalsed kasvutingimused. Poid v\u00f5imaldavad ka teil h\u00f5lpsasti saagile ligi p\u00e4\u00e4seda, sest te saate t\u00f5sta kasvuliini korraks pinnale ja uurida saagi seisu, ilma et see h\u00e4iriks elutegevust.<\/p>\n

    You might find you are able to maintain enough buoyancy with fewer buoys, especially early in the season when the crops aren’t adding substantial weight to the growline. Too much buoyancy early on can cause the growlines to surface during bad weather and cause damage to your crop. After outplanting, we mark the buoy connection points with a small cork that can easily be swapped out for a buoy later in the season.<\/p>\n

    Ankruliini poid on tavaliselt suuremad kui kasvuliini poid ja need t\u00e4histavad kasvuliini m\u00f5lemas otsas olevat kohta, kus see on \u00fchendatud ankruliiniga (joonis 5). On kasvatajaid, kes kasutavad ka erksav\u00e4rvilisi v\u00f5i ohut\u00e4histusega poisid, et anda m\u00e4rku aktiivse kasvatustegevuse alast.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"Growline\n\t\tJoonis 4. Kasvuliini poid (ingl Growline Buoys). Allikas: GreenWave\n\t\t\t\t\"Anchor\n\t\tJoonis 5. Ankruliini poi (ingl Buoy). Allikas: GreenWave.\n

    \n\t\t\tAnkrud\t<\/h4>\n\t

    Ankrud paiknevad merep\u00f5hjas, kus nad hoiavad kasvandust paigal ja vajaliku pinge all. Ankrud \u00fchendatakse kasvuliiniga ankruliini, m\u00f5nikord ka -keti abil.<\/p>\n

    In the diagram, you’ll notice we’ve incorporated the use of a tensioning buoy along the span of the anchor line. This small buoy raises in position in the water at low tide, helping to maintain tension on the growline as the water level fluctuates. Tag lines run from the anchor to a retrieval buoy on the surface, which helps farmers locate the anchor for retrieval or tensioning.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"Anchor\n\t\tJoonis 6. Ankur (ingl Anchor) ja ankruliin (Anchor Line). Allikas: GreenWave.\n

    \n\t\t\tViie kasvuliiniga kasvandus\t<\/h3>\n\t

    Viie kasvuliiniga kasvandusel on sama p\u00f5him\u00f5te mis \u00fche kasvuliiniga kasvandusel, erinevus seisneb aga kasvuliinide suuremas arvus ja rakises, millega hoitakse kasvuliine kindla vahemaa tagant paigal. Rakis v\u00f5imaldab suurendada kasvuliinide arvu \u00fche ankrupaari kohta ja v\u00f5ib ilma keskkonnaj\u00e4lge muutmata kasvatada m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rselt saagikust.<\/p>\n

    In the diagrams, you’ll notice that the profile view of the 5-line array looks similar to that of the single-line array. The anchoring system is virtually identical, though the anchors will need to be larger due to the increased weight and drag of the additional growlines. One notable difference between the two systems, however, is that the 5-line array does not incorporate buoys spliced directly to the growline. Instead, flotation buoys are attached with a bridle to the spreaders themselves. This bridle system is the unique element of the 5-line array.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"5-line\n\t\tJoonis 7. Viie kasvuliiniga kasvanduse k\u00fclgvaade. Joonisel on t\u00e4histatud ankruliini poi (punase v\u00e4rvusega, ingl Buoy), kasvuliin (Growline), pingutuspoi (rohelise v\u00e4rvusega, Tension Buoy), m\u00f5\u00f5teliin (Tagline), ankur (musta v\u00e4rvusega, Anchor), ankruliin (Anchor Line), rakis (Spreader) ja rakiseraam (Bridle). Allikas: GreenWave.\n\t\t\t\t\"5-line\n\t\tJoonis 8. Viie kasvuliiniga kasvanduse pealtvaade. Joonisel on t\u00e4histatud ankruliini poi (punase v\u00e4rvusega, ingl Buoy), kasvuliin (Longline\/Growline), rakis (Spreader), rakiseraam (Bridle) ja ankur (musta v\u00e4rvusega, Anchor). Allikas: GreenWave.\n

    \n\t\t\tRakis\t<\/h4>\n\t

    T\u00fc\u00fcpilises viie kasvuliiniga kasvanduses on rakis kolme meetri pikkune ja 7,5 cm l\u00e4bim\u00f5\u00f5duga alumiiniumtoru, mille k\u00fclge on keevitatud aasad kasvuliinide kinnitamiseks. Kaks rakist paigaldatakse \u00fcksteisest 30 meetri kaugusele ja nende vahele t\u00f5mmatakse viis paralleelset kasvuliini, mida rakised hoiavad \u00fcksteisest kindlal kaugusel.<\/p>\n

    \n\t\t\tRakiseraam\t<\/h4>\n\t

    Viie kasvuliiniga kasvanduses kasutatakse kahte rakiseraami. R\u00f5htraam koosneb kolmest liinist, mis ulatuvad rakise otstest kuni veealuse ankruliinini. P\u00fcstraam ulatub rakise otstest kuni pinnal oleva poini, moodustades kolmnurga (joonis 9).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"Woods\n\t\tJoonis 9. Viie kasvuliiniga kasvanduse veealune p\u00fcstraam, mille kohal on poi. Allikas: Woods Hole\u2019i Okeanograafiaasutus GreenWave'i kaudu.\n\t

    Kahe rakise vahele j\u00e4\u00e4b 30 meetrit ja vahepeale ujukit ei paigaldata. Pikemate kasvuliinidega kasvandustes kasutatakse ka vaherakist koos poi ja raamiga, mis tagavad kasvuliinide ujuvuse. \u00dcldiselt on soovitatav lisada vaherakis iga 30 meetri j\u00e4rel.<\/p>\n

    Viie kasvuliiniga kasvanduse kontseptsioon on suhteliselt uus ja kasvatajad alles otsivad parimaid lahendusi, sealhulgas seda, millal ja kuhu on vaja lisada vaherakiseid ja poisid. Osa kasvatajaid soovitab alustada minimaalse ujuvusega ning lisada vaherakised ja poid alles siis, kui kultuurid on kasvama hakanud. Ilmselt tuleb teilgi katsetada, kuni leiate parima kasvatusviisi.<\/p>\n

    Viie kasvuliiniga kasvanduse saagikuse ja stabiilsuse tagamiseks on oluline s\u00e4ilitada kogu aeg ja igal pool \u00fchtlane pinge. Selleks tuleb kasvanduse rajamine hoolikalt ette valmistada ja seej\u00e4rel teha pidevat j\u00e4relevalvet.<\/p>\n

    Maintaining even tension throughout the 5-line system is crucial to its success and stability. This can be achieved with careful preparation and monitoring once it has been deployed. When assembling the system on land, it’s critical that the growlines are measured under tension and cut to matching lengths; otherwise, the system will hang lopsided in the water.<\/p>\n

    \u00dchtlase pinge hoidmiseks v\u00f5ib kasutada triivankruid, mida saab s\u00e4ttida, kui kasvandus on juba vees. Lisaks saab madalvee ajal tekkivat ankruliini l\u00f5tvust v\u00e4hendada pingutuspoidega ja\/v\u00f5i ankruketi pikkuse reguleerimisega.<\/p>\n

    The 5-line system is more complex than the single-line array and requires a bit of precision and finagling to get right, so we don’t typically recommend it for first-year farmers. But, again, the benefit of the 5-line is that it allows for significantly higher production without an increase in farm footprint.<\/p>\n

    \n\t\t\tKaarrakisega kasvandus\t<\/h3>\n\t

    K\u00f5ige keerukam on rohkearvuliste kasvuliinidega kasvandus, kus on kasutatud kaarekujulist rakist (joonis 10 ja foto). Erinevalt \u00fche ja viie kasvuliiniga kasvandustest, kus on kaks ankrupunkti, kasutatakse kaarrakisega kasvanduses v\u00e4hem ankruid, kuid need on suuremad, et kinnitada kasvuliinidest moodustunud v\u00f5restiku nurgad tugevalt. Kasvanduse m\u00f5lemas otsas on horisontaalne kaarjas rakis, mis \u00fchendab kasvuliinid ankrus\u00fcsteemiga. Leidub kaarrakisega kasvandusi, kus v\u00f5ib olla kuni 55 kasvuliini.<\/p>\n

    Et \u00fclevaade eri kasvandust\u00fc\u00fcpidest oleks ammendav, on siin kiirkursusel k\u00e4sitletud ka kaarrakisega kasvandust, kuid alustavatele kasvatajatele ei ole sellise kasvanduse rajamine soovitatav. Selle korrektne kavandamine ja paigaldamine n\u00f5uab m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rseid merendus-tehnilisi teadmisi ning lihtsamate kasvandustega v\u00f5rreldes m\u00e4rksa suuremaid vahendeid ja varustust.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"Catenary\n\t\tJoonis 11. Kaarrakisega kasvandus. Joonisel on t\u00e4histatud ankruliini poi (punase v\u00e4rvusega, ingl Buoy), kasvuliin (Growline), kaarrakis (Catenary framing line), ankrupoi (kollase v\u00e4rvusega, Retrieval Buoy), ankur (musta v\u00e4rvusega, Anchor), ankruliin (Anchor Line) ja m\u00f5\u00f5teliin (Tagline). Allikas: GreenWave.\n\t\t\t\t\"Catenary\n\t\tFoto. Kaarrakisega kasvandus. Allikas: GreenWave.\n\t

    Kaarrakisega kasvanduse eelis on v\u00f5imalus paigutada kasvuliinid palju tihedamalt kui muudes kasvandustes. Samas n\u00f5uab see v\u00f5imsamaid ankruid ja poisid, et tagada s\u00fcsteemi n\u00f5uetekohane ujuvus.<\/p>\n

    \u00d5ige ja \u00fchtlane pingsus on selle kasvandust\u00fc\u00fcbi puhul kriitilise t\u00e4htsusega. Paigaldamisel tuleb iga kasvuliin eelpingutada \u00fchesuguse j\u00f5uga, alles seej\u00e4rel saab selle v\u00e4lja m\u00f5\u00f5ta ja valmis l\u00f5igata. Vaid sel juhul p\u00fcsivad kasvuliinid vees paralleelselt ja kogu kasvandus on vees \u00fchtlase pinge all.<\/p>\n

    Due to the curved shape of the catenary framing line, it’s possible to maximize the growing area of the array by cutting each growline to a different length. However, this can sometimes lead to confusion, as it’s easy to get lines mixed up. Another solution is to cut all the growlines to equal length and have different length extension lines that connect the growlines to the catenary framing lines on either end. Either way, there is quite a bit of math that needs to be done to figure out the length to which each segment should be cut to maintain the proper shape of the catenary framing line.<\/p>\n

    We want to reiterate that this is a highly advanced design concept. Many farmers using the catenary system hire an engineer to help them with the design process. We do not recommend it for first-time farmers. If you’re considering a catenary array for your site and you’re not an engineer, we recommend that you hire one to steer you in the right direction.<\/p>\n

    It should also be noted that not every site can support a large-scale array, even with a large enough lease site. The catenary array can produce several hundred thousand pounds of biomass on a single site, and many areas don’t have enough nutrients in the water to support that level of crops. You should have a good understanding of the nutrients in your area-not to mention an established market for your produce-prior to investing in such a large and complex array.<\/p>\n

    \n\t\t\tKasvanduse planeerimise t\u00f6\u00f6riist\t<\/h3>\n\t

    GreenWave has developed a nice online tool for designing your ocean farm. It’s free and available as part of GreenWave’s Ocean Farming Hub<\/a>, kes edendab elupaiku taastavat merevesiviljelust, on loonud kasvanduse kujundamiseks tasuta veebit\u00f6\u00f6riista, mille leiab GreenWave\u2019i \u00f5pikeskkonnast Ocean Farming Hub. T\u00f6\u00f6riista eesm\u00e4rk on toetada kasvandusi \u00fcle maailma, kuid esmajoones P\u00f5hja-Ameerikas. T\u00f6\u00f6riista kasutamiseks peate looma GreenWave\u2019i kasutajakonto, mis on igati kasulik, kui olete plaaninud taastava merevesiviljelusega tegelema hakata.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"Screen\n\t\tScreen dump from GreenWave’s Farm Planning Tool\n\t

    Farming the ocean means navigating hundreds of unseen factors to support a floating system of lines and buoys. Every farm is different because all designs must ultimately be site-specific. Localized forces such as the current speed and direction, the exposure of your site, even the nutrient availability in the water, which influences the ultimate biomass of your kelp-all these factors will impact the drag on your system. The drag, in turn, dictates the size of your anchor, which impacts your lease area and your eventual startup costs.<\/p>\n

    When you’re just starting out, it can be overwhelming to try and keep all these different factors and impacts straight. For years, GreenWave has watched farmers in the US struggle with these complicated calculations, wishing there was an easier way. That’s why they built the Farm Design Tool: to do the math for you, so you can make the big-picture choices of how to ultimately construct and operate your farm.<\/p>\n

    GreenWave recommend that you use the Farm Design Tool early and often throughout your farm startup journey. First, use the Tool to learn. Get to know how site depth impacts lease size, how current changes anchor size, and how all these factors ultimately impact cost. Manipulate these variables to inform your thinking as you’re deciding what type of farm system to pursue. Then, use the Tool again as a planning resource when you’ve chosen a site and want to narrow in on the details.<\/p>\n

    The Farm Design Tool is a modeling tool built on a series of assumptions that inform the calculations behind the scenes. It isn’t perfect; there are some limitations. You should be aware of these assumptions and know that you’ll likely need to make some modifications to your design to suit the particulars of your site. Before you finalize your farm plans or make any major financial investment in your farm gear, you might want to verify your designs with a marine engineer.<\/p>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAdapted with permission from GreenWave\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPrevious Lesson\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNext Lesson\n\t\t\t<\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Lesson 3 Lesson 3: Setting up an ocean farm The lesson is currently available in English, Danish & Lithuanian Introduction The great thing about ocean farming is that farm designs are modular, scalable, and can be easily adapted to suit your site. 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